“The Lord is my shepherd; I have all that I need. He lets me rest in green meadows; he leads me beside peaceful streams. He renews my strength. He guides me along right paths, bringing honour to his name. Even when I walk through the darkest valley, I will not be afraid, for you are close beside me. Your rod and your staff protect and comfort me.”
Psalm 23:1-4 NLT
David’s pastoral poem develops with a reminder about the shepherd’s rod and staff. In those long ago days, when sheep followed shepherds, from meadow to meadow, and the shepherd lived with them, because grazing often took the flock a long way from home, there was a need for weapons and other means to protect the sheep from predators and from their own wayward ways. Such implements were the rod and the staff, essential tools in the shepherd’s hands. The rod was a sort of club, heavy enough to do serious damage to a lion or a bear, as David told Saul in 1 Samuel 17:34-35, “But David persisted. “I have been taking care of my father’s sheep and goats,” he said. “When a lion or a bear comes to steal a lamb from the flock, I go after it with a club and rescue the lamb from its mouth. If the animal turns on me, I catch it by the jaw and club it to death“. So the rod in David’s hands was a formidable weapon, and he would have been skilled in using it.
The shepherd’s staff would have been something more familiar to us today, as it was a long slender pole with a crook at the end. Examples can be found in tourist shops in Scotland, but David’s staff would have been much more than a decorative souvenir. It was a device used to protect and direct wayward sheep, the crook fitting nicely around the sheep’s neck, allowing it to be guided back onto the right path.
The rod and staff were essential to the shepherds in David’s days, and having been one himself, David knew how to use them effectively. In the shepherd’s hands, one protected the sheep from attack and the other provided the comfort of being led to safety. But Psalm 23 starts with another perspective, “The Lord is my Shepherd”. David considered himself as a sheep and the Lord as his Shepherd. The pastoral analogy can be found in Ezekiel 34:2 where we read, “Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds, the leaders of Israel. Give them this message from the Sovereign Lord: What sorrow awaits you shepherds who feed yourselves instead of your flocks. Shouldn’t shepherds feed their sheep?”, a rebuke delivered to the Israelite authorities. In the Israelite economy, sheep and goats were an important source of income and food, with skins and wool for clothing, and the leaders of the people had a responsibility to provide protection and to foster a secure economy, just as a shepherd had to for the sheep and goats in his care. In a similar way the religious leaders were failing in their duties, allowing apostasy and neglect permeate the Jewish religious society. But Ezekiel continued with “the word of the Lord” and he issued a damning indictment against the leaders who were failing in their responsibilities. “As surely as I live, says the Sovereign Lord, you abandoned my flock and left them to be attacked by every wild animal. And though you were my shepherds, you didn’t search for my sheep when they were lost. You took care of yourselves and left the sheep to starve. Therefore, you shepherds, hear the word of the Lord. This is what the Sovereign Lord says: I now consider these shepherds my enemies, and I will hold them responsible for what has happened to my flock. I will take away their right to feed the flock, and I will stop them from feeding themselves. I will rescue my flock from their mouths; the sheep will no longer be their prey” (Ezekiel 34:8-10). Significantly, Ezekiel went on to write, “For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: I myself will search and find my sheep. I will be like a shepherd looking for his scattered flock. I will find my sheep and rescue them from all the places where they were scattered on that dark and cloudy day” (Ezekiel 34:11-12).
We saw the fulfilment of Ezekiel’s prophecy with Jesus. He said, “I am the Good Shepherd. The Good Shepherd sacrifices His life for the sheep. … I am the Good Shepherd; I know my own sheep, and they know me, just as my Father knows me and I know the Father. So I sacrifice my life for the sheep” (John 10:11, 14-15). Jesus was, and is, the Good Shepherd. He is totally trustworthy, strong and capable. He leads us, His sheep, to all the right places where we can flourish as His followers. He protects us from harm, as we trust in His ways, and if we err and stray from the right paths, then He will gently draw us back.
We pilgrims may also be responsible for shepherding others, in our families, churches or friendship groups. You see, we have been blessed by our knowledge of the Good Shepherd and His ways, because He is the Way to eternal life. But there are those around us who behave like “sheep without a shepherd”, with no apparent moral compass, no idea of right and wrong, other than by following the other wayward sheep in our societies. Without any perception of the Good Shepherd, they try to shepherd themselves, a way of life that will not end well for them. And in the process they find themselves in places without green pasture and peaceful streams, caught up in lifestyles bringing chaos and confusion, their souls shrivelled and malnourished. And so, we pilgrims try and lead and counsel them by example, by word and deed, behaving as under shepherds to the Great Shepherd Himself. We may not have physical rods and staffs, but we have the Word of God, with which we can bring God’s truth and comfort into needy people’s lives.
We also will have our own under shepherds, our pastors and ministers, who are responsible for spiritual guidance and care in the churches and fellowships of which we are a part. We support them and encourage them as we hear Your word from their lips, and feel the benefit of their prayers uttered over us day by day. God has designed a system for our care just as a shepherd looks after his sheep. And in it all we look to Jesus, the Author and Perfector of our faith.
Dear Good Shepherd. We thank You for Your guidance and provision for us sheep, so prone to take wrong paths and end up in trouble. We thank You too for our pastors who care for us, Your servants who diligently shepherd us in our daily lives. Thank You for Jesus, the Good Shepherd who willingly gave His life for us. Amen.
